1. Which of the following is an example of popular open source operating system software?
A. Microsoft Windows.
B. macOS.
C. Ubuntu Linux.
D. Adobe Photoshop.
2. What is a significant advantage of using cloud-based software for businesses?
A. Increased need for local hardware maintenance.
B. Greater control over data security by the user.
C. Scalability and accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection.
D. Higher upfront software purchase costs.
3. Which of the following is NOT a common benefit of using open source software?
A. Lower total cost of ownership.
B. Flexibility and customization.
C. Dependence on a single vendor for support and updates.
D. Community support and collaboration.
4. What is the term for software that is available for use at no cost, but the source code is not open?
A. Open Source Software.
B. Proprietary Software.
C. Freeware.
D. Shareware.
5. What is the main purpose of a repository in collaborative software development platforms like GitHub?
A. To store user login credentials securely.
B. To manage project documentation.
C. To host the source code and track changes made by developers.
D. To provide a platform for online gaming.
6. Which of these is a common collaborative tool used in internet-based software development?
A. Microsoft Excel.
B. Adobe Illustrator.
C. Git.
D. Windows Media Player.
7. What does the term viral or copyleft mean in relation to software licenses like GPL?
A. The software is highly contagious and spreads easily.
B. Any derivative works created from the software must also be released under the same license.
C. The software requires an internet connection to function.
D. The software automatically updates itself.
8. Which of the following is a key benefit of adopting open source solutions for businesses?
A. Increased vendor lock-in.
B. Reduced reliance on specific vendors and greater control.
C. Higher licensing fees compared to proprietary software.
D. Limited community involvement.
9. What is the primary characteristic that defines software as open source?
A. The software is free to download and use.
B. The source code is publicly available and can be modified and redistributed.
C. The software is developed by a single, well-known company.
D. The software is exclusively used for educational purposes.
10. Which is a key advantage of software developed through the internet, often related to rapid iteration and user feedback?
A. Increased development costs.
B. Slower release cycles.
C. Agile development methodologies.
D. Limited user interaction.
11. Which of the following is a common concern regarding the security of open source software?
A. The code is too complex to be understood by attackers.
B. The widespread availability of source code might make it easier for attackers to find vulnerabilities.
C. Open source projects are always more secure than proprietary ones.
D. There are no security concerns with open source software.
12. What is the main goal of a pull request in platforms like GitHub?
A. To download a copy of the entire project.
B. To propose changes from a fork or branch to the main projects codebase for review and merging.
C. To report a bug in the software.
D. To start a new project from scratch.
13. Which of these licenses is a widely used permissive open source license?
A. GNU General Public License (GPL).
B. Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL).
C. Apache License 2.0.
D. All of the above.
14. Which of the following best describes freeware software?
A. Software that is free to use but whose source code is not available.
B. Software that is free to download and modify.
C. Software that is only available during a trial period.
D. Software that requires a subscription for all features.
15. Which of the following best describes Software as a Service (SaaS)?
A. Software that is installed locally on a users computer.
B. Software that is licensed for perpetual use with a one-time payment.
C. Software delivered over the internet on a subscription basis.
D. Software that requires users to write their own code.
16. What is a bug in the context of software?
A. A feature that is intentionally added to the software.
B. A mistake or flaw in the software that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result.
C. A security measure to protect the software.
D. A user-defined setting for customization.
17. What is the term for a software product that is developed and distributed primarily for profit, often with proprietary source code?
A. Open Source Software.
B. Freeware.
C. Proprietary Software.
D. Shareware.
18. What is open hardware in contrast to open source software?
A. Hardware that is only available for purchase online.
B. Hardware whose design schematics and specifications are publicly available.
C. Hardware that is resistant to damage.
D. Hardware manufactured using only recycled materials.
19. Which of the following is a common characteristic of Internet of Things (IoT) software?
A. Runs exclusively on high-performance servers.
B. Focuses on managing and connecting physical devices.
C. Requires manual installation on every device.
D. Is always closed-source and proprietary.
20. When multiple developers contribute to a single open source project, what is a key challenge they might face?
A. Lack of available programming languages.
B. Ensuring code consistency and avoiding conflicts.
C. Limited access to computing resources.
D. The software becoming too stable.
21. What does it mean for software to be portable?
A. It can be easily damaged during transport.
B. It can run on different operating systems or hardware without modification.
C. It requires a very small amount of storage space.
D. It can be translated into multiple languages.
22. What is a fork in the context of open source software development?
A. A type of security vulnerability.
B. The process of merging code from different developers.
C. A new project created by taking a copy of an existing open source projects codebase.
D. A method for distributing software updates.
23. Which type of software license often requires that any modified versions of the software also be made available under the same license?
A. Permissive licenses (e.g., MIT, Apache).
B. Copyleft licenses (e.g., GPL).
C. Proprietary licenses.
D. Public Domain.
24. What is the role of version control in software development?
A. To encrypt sensitive data within the code.
B. To manage and track changes to the source code over time.
C. To automate the testing process.
D. To design the user interface.
25. Which of the following is a potential challenge when relying on community support for open source software?
A. Guaranteed rapid response times.
B. Lack of centralized support.
C. Professional, paid support staff.
D. Official documentation always being up-to-date.
