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Câu 1: What is the purpose of a bill of lading?
- - To act as a payment guarantee
- - To serve as a receipt for shipment, a contract of carriage, and a document of title
- - To provide insurance coverage for the goods
- - To verify the quality of the goods
Câu 2: What is 'forfaiting' in international trade finance?
- - A method of hedging against currency risk.
- - The purchase of export receivables without recourse to the exporter.
- - A type of insurance that covers political risk.
- - A government program that subsidizes exports.
Câu 3: What is 'countertrade'?
- - A government subsidy for exports.
- - The exchange of goods or services for other goods or services, rather than for money.
- - A method of insuring against currency risk.
- - A type of letter of credit.
Câu 4: The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600) primarily governs which aspect of international trade finance?
- - The terms of sale for goods and services
- - The rules for Letters of Credit (L/Cs)
- - The regulations for foreign exchange markets
- - The legal framework for international arbitration
Câu 5: When an exporter uses a 'Without Recourse' factoring arrangement, what benefit do they gain?
- - The exporter retains the credit risk of the buyer.
- - The exporter receives payment upfront and transfers the credit risk to the factor.
- - The exporter pays the factor a higher fee but retains control of collections.
- - The exporter gains access to a loan, but the payment schedule remains unchanged.
Câu 6: Which Incoterm requires the buyer to bear all costs and risks from the seller's premises?
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
- - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
- - FOB (Free on Board)
- - EXW (Ex Works)
Câu 7: Under UCP 600, what is the maximum number of banking days an issuing bank has to examine documents and determine if a presentation is complying?
- - 3 banking days
- - 5 banking days
- - 7 banking days
- - 10 banking days
Câu 8: In international trade, what does 'FCA' Incoterm stand for?
- - Free Carrier
- - Freight Collect Agreed
- - Free Customs Area
- - Freight and Carriage Allowed
Câu 9: What is the 'bill of exchange' primarily used for?
- - Securing insurance for goods in transit
- - Financing international trade by providing a negotiable instrument for payment
- - Documenting the origin of goods for customs purposes
- - Guaranteeing the quality of exported goods
Câu 10: From an importer's perspective, what is the main risk associated with making a 'Cash in Advance' payment for goods?
- - The goods might be delayed in transit
- - The importer bears the full risk of the exporter not shipping the goods or shipping non-conforming goods, with limited recourse
- - The foreign exchange rate might change unfavorably
- - The bank might charge high transaction fees
Câu 11: What is the term for the process where an exporter's bank confirms the authenticity of an L/C issued by a foreign bank, without adding its own payment undertaking?
- - Negotiation
- - Confirmation
- - Advising
- - Discounting
Câu 12: A 'Performance Guarantee' ensures what in an international contract?
- - That the buyer will make payment on time
- - That the seller will fulfill their contractual obligations, such as delivery and quality
- - That the goods will be insured against all risks
- - That the contract can be terminated without penalty
Câu 13: Which document provides evidence that goods have been shipped and serves as a receipt from the carrier?
- - Commercial Invoice
- - Packing List
- - Bill of Lading
- - Certificate of Origin
Câu 14: Under Incoterms 2020, which term places the minimum obligation on the seller, who only needs to make the goods available at their own premises?
- - FOB (Free On Board)
- - EXW (Ex Works)
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
- - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
Câu 15: When an exporter requires payment upfront before shipping goods, which payment method is being utilized?
- - Open Account
- - Cash in Advance
- - Documentary Collection
- - Letter of Credit
Câu 16: What is the primary purpose of a letter of credit (L/C) in international trade?
- - To provide financing for the importer
- - To guarantee payment to the exporter by a bank
- - To insure the shipment against loss or damage
- - To simplify customs procedures
Câu 17: Which set of rules provides a framework for handling Documentary Collections (DCs) globally?
- - Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600)
- - Uniform Rules for Collections (URC 522)
- - Incoterms 2020
- - International Standby Practices (ISP98)
Câu 18: If the interbank foreign exchange rate is quoted as USD/JPY 150.00-150.50, and a customer wants to convert JPY into USD, which rate will the bank typically use to buy JPY from the customer?
- - 150.50 (ask rate)
- - 150.00 (bid rate)
- - The average of 150.00 and 150.50
- - A rate lower than 150.00
Câu 19: An exporter requires funds for pre-shipment costs before receiving final payment under an LC. Which special clause in a Letter of Credit could facilitate this requirement?
- - Revolving Clause
- - Transferable Clause
- - Red Clause
- - Back-to-Back Clause
Câu 20: Which Incoterm means the seller fulfills their obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer at the seller's premises or at another named place?
- - FOB (Free on Board)
- - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
- - EXW (Ex Works)
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
Câu 21: What does a 'Confirmed Letter of Credit' provide, beyond an unconfirmed L/C?
- - A guarantee from the importer's government.
- - An additional undertaking by a second bank (confirming bank) to honor or negotiate a complying presentation.
- - Faster processing times for documents.
- - Exemption from UCP 600 rules.
Câu 22: An importer expects to make a payment in EUR in three months but is concerned about the USD/EUR exchange rate weakening (meaning more USD per EUR). What financial instrument can they use to 'lock in' an exchange rate today for that future payment?
- - A spot contract
- - A foreign exchange forward contract
- - A currency option (to sell EUR)
- - A currency swap
Câu 23: In a Letter of Credit transaction, which party is primarily responsible for establishing the L/C at the request of the applicant (buyer) and undertaking to pay the beneficiary (seller)?
- - The Advising Bank
- - The Confirming Bank
- - The Issuing Bank
- - The Nominated Bank
Câu 24: Which of the following is typically a SWIFT message type used for a customer credit transfer?
- - MT103
- - MT700
- - MT400
- - MT940
Câu 25: What is a fundamental difference between a Documentary Collection (DC) and a Letter of Credit (LC)?
- - DCs are always irrevocable, while LCs can be revocable
- - LCs involve a bank's undertaking to pay, whereas DCs do not
- - DCs require more extensive documentation than LCs
- - LCs are typically used for smaller transactions than DCs