1. Which of the following words has a different final consonant sound from the others?
A. Dog
B. Log
C. Fog
D. Laugh
2. In connected speech, what is `elision`?
A. The linking of words together smoothly.
B. The omission of a sound (vowel or consonant) in connected speech.
C. The addition of a sound between two words.
D. The change in stress pattern of a word.
3. Which of these words contains a consonant cluster at the beginning?
A. Apple
B. Street
C. Ocean
D. Under
4. Which of the following words contains a `glottal stop`?
A. Butter (in some dialects)
B. Water
C. Happy
D. About
5. What is the purpose of using phonemic transcription?
A. To provide a standardized written form of a language.
B. To accurately represent the pronunciation of words, regardless of spelling.
C. To simplify the spelling of complex words.
D. To translate words into different languages.
6. What is the difference between aspiration and non-aspiration of a consonant?
A. Aspiration refers to a consonant being voiced, while non-aspiration means it is voiceless.
B. Aspiration refers to the presence of a puff of air after the release of a consonant, while non-aspiration means there is no such puff of air.
C. Aspiration means the consonant is pronounced loudly, while non-aspiration means it is pronounced softly.
D. Aspiration refers to a consonant at the beginning of a word, while non-aspiration means it is at the end.
7. What is the function of the schwa sound (/ə/) in English pronunciation?
A. It is the loudest and most emphasized vowel sound.
B. It is the stressed vowel sound in content words.
C. It is a reduced, unstressed vowel sound common in many English words.
D. It is only found at the end of words.
8. In phonetics, what is the difference between a `stop` and a `fricative` consonant?
A. A stop is a voiced consonant, while a fricative is a voiceless consonant.
B. A stop involves a complete closure of the vocal tract, while a fricative involves a narrow constriction that creates friction.
C. A stop is produced at the front of the mouth, while a fricative is produced at the back of the mouth.
D. A stop is a consonant, while a fricative is a vowel.
9. In phonetics, what does the term `minimal pair` refer to?
A. Two words that have completely different sounds and meanings.
B. Two words that have the exact same pronunciation but different meanings.
C. Two words that differ by only one phoneme and have different meanings.
D. Two words that are synonyms but have different origins.
10. What is the term for a group of words that are all pronounced with the same stress pattern?
A. Stress group
B. Rhythm unit
C. Isosyllabic group
D. Isochronic group
11. What is the difference between a syllable and a morpheme?
A. A syllable is a unit of meaning, while a morpheme is a unit of sound.
B. A syllable is a unit of sound, while a morpheme is a unit of meaning.
C. A syllable is a part of a word, while a morpheme is a whole word.
D. A syllable is a written unit, while a morpheme is a spoken unit.
12. Which of these words has a different place of articulation for the initial consonant sound?
A. Bat
B. Pat
C. Mat
D. That
13. Which of the following words contains a diphthong?
A. Street
B. Train
C. Ship
D. Sit
14. What is the primary difference between a phoneme and an allophone?
A. A phoneme is a unit of meaning, while an allophone is a unit of sound.
B. A phoneme is an abstract unit of sound that can distinguish meaning, while an allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme.
C. A phoneme is a written symbol, while an allophone is a spoken sound.
D. A phoneme is a sound in one language, while an allophone is a sound in another language.
15. Which of the following words demonstrates the phenomenon of `linking r` in British English?
A. Car
B. Card
C. Far away
D. Father
16. Which of the following words demonstrates `palatalization`?
A. Did you
B. Cat
C. Dog
D. Sun
17. What is the role of `pitch` in English pronunciation?
A. Pitch only affects the loudness of speech.
B. Pitch contributes to intonation, which helps convey meaning, emotion, and grammatical structure.
C. Pitch determines the speed of speech.
D. Pitch is only relevant in singing, not in speaking.
18. Which of the following words has a silent letter?
A. Bright
B. Knife
C. Street
D. Plant
19. What is the term for the study of how sounds are physically produced?
A. Phonology
B. Morphology
C. Acoustic Phonetics
D. Articulatory Phonetics
20. Which of the following consonant sounds is voiced?
A. /f/
B. /s/
C. /p/
D. /v/
21. What is the effect of `weak forms` on English pronunciation?
A. They make words sound stronger and more emphasized.
B. They reduce the vowel sounds in certain words, especially grammatical words, making them shorter and less stressed.
C. They add extra syllables to words.
D. They change the meaning of words.
22. What is `epenthesis` in phonology?
A. The deletion of a sound in a word.
B. The addition of a sound within a word.
C. The movement of a sound from one place to another in a word.
D. The change in stress pattern of a word.
23. Which of the following is an example of assimilation in connected speech?
A. Saying `going to` as `gonna`.
B. Pronouncing `handbag` as `hambag`.
C. Linking the `r` in `car` to the next word.
D. Stopping in the middle of a sentence.
24. Which of the following words has a different vowel sound than the others?
A. Heat
B. Seat
C. Meet
D. Great
25. Which of the following words is stressed on the second syllable?
A. Table
B. Pencil
C. Hotel
D. Window
26. Which of the following words is an example of a `content word`?
A. The
B. And
C. Happy
D. Of
27. Which of the following describes the difference between `stress-timed` and `syllable-timed` languages?
A. Stress-timed languages have more syllables per word than syllable-timed languages.
B. In stress-timed languages, stressed syllables occur at roughly equal intervals, while in syllable-timed languages, each syllable takes roughly the same amount of time.
C. Stress-timed languages are spoken faster than syllable-timed languages.
D. Stress-timed languages are easier to learn than syllable-timed languages.
28. What is the difference between a `falling` and a `rising` intonation pattern?
A. Falling intonation is used for questions, while rising intonation is used for statements.
B. Falling intonation is used to express excitement, while rising intonation is used to express sadness.
C. Falling intonation involves the pitch of the voice going down, often used in statements, while rising intonation involves the pitch going up, often used in questions.
D. Falling intonation is used in formal speech, while rising intonation is used in informal speech.
29. Which of the following is an example of a `minimal pair` that distinguishes between two vowel sounds?
A. Bat and Pat
B. Ship and Sheep
C. Sun and Son
D. Read and Red
30. What is the function of `intonation` in spoken English?
A. To determine the meaning of individual words.
B. To convey grammatical information, express emotions, and signal discourse structure.
C. To make speech louder or softer.
D. To slow down or speed up speech.
